{"id":3557,"date":"2020-04-16T07:03:32","date_gmt":"2020-04-16T07:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cloudminister.com\/?p=3557"},"modified":"2020-04-16T07:03:32","modified_gmt":"2020-04-16T07:03:32","slug":"linux-unix-basic-commands-for-beginners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cloudminister.com\/blog\/linux-unix-basic-commands-for-beginners\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux \/ Unix basic commands for beginners"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Linux\/Unix<\/h1>\n

Linux is a clone of Unix operating system, it is a multi-user operating system, which can be accessed by many users at a time.<\/p>\n

Linux Server Management<\/h1>\n

Linux server management service<\/a> is a cost-effective mixture for the application-based server. Essential applications deployed on Linux servers need the right management solutions or tools. Large enterprises and end-users require robust Linux servers to manage applications for their business.<\/p>\n

In this tutorial, you will learn the very basic Linux commands that will help you to get more familiar with the Linux command line. This will also help you to sharpen the commands line in Linux as well as also help you in enhancing your capability of getting an expert in this field.<\/p>\n

Commands<\/h1>\n

The commands in Linux have the following syntax:<\/p>\n

$command options arguments<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 Bash\/shell: Program that provides text-only interface.<\/h4>\n

 Terminal: A terminal window<\/h4>\n

 Command-line   : Anything that takes input<\/h4>\n

 Console: Physical instrument panel<\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n

1) $ls                           :  Used to show the folders & web files<\/h4>\n

2) $ls -a                      : List all the files and folders.<\/h4>\n

3) $ls -l                        :Used to list folders with permissions<\/h4>\n

\"Linux<\/p>\n

4) $ls Do*   : Listing all the folders starting with Do also print inside files<\/h4>\n

5) $ls .*       : Listing all the files starting with (.)<\/h4>\n

 \"Linux<\/h4>\n
\n

6) $ls -a       : listing all the folders and files, including hidden files<\/h4>\n

7) $cd          : To jump in the folder<\/h4>\n

8) $cd ..       : To go back to the folder.<\/h4>\n

9) $cd ..\/..    : To jump back to the two directories.<\/h4>\n

10) $mkdir     : To make the directory\/folder<\/h4>\n

11) $mkdir -p : To make the directory\/folder one to one inside in it.<\/h4>\n

Example:<\/h4>\n
 \"Linux<\/div>\n
\n

12) $mkdir -vp : to make the directory and it will print the dir. created.<\/h4>\n

              Example-<\/h4>\n

 \"Linux<\/h4>\n
\n

13) $touch pop : to make the new file(pop) in folder<\/h4>\n

14) $touch grapes oranges : to make a recursive file(grapes,oranges) in a folder.<\/h4>\n

15) $mv : to move the file from source to destination.<\/h4>\n

16) $cp : to copy a file from one folder to another.<\/h4>\n

17) $rm : Delete the file or folder<\/h4>\n

18) $rm -r file name\/ :  Remove the folder<\/h4>\n

19) $rm -r a b c : remove the files from the folder<\/h4>\n

20) $whereis (command name) : To find the actual path of the command.<\/h4>\n

21) $echo -e \u201cpaul \\nlikes \\necho\u201d<\/h4>\n
 \"Linux<\/div>\n
    \n
  • \n

    It will print each char in next line<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n

    22) $ x=paul<\/h4>\n

    23) $ echo  \u201c $x \\nlikes \\necho\u201d<\/h4>\n

     \"Linux<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • \n

      It will also print the x value<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Find command<\/h1>\n

      Find command<\/b> is used to search and locate the list of files and directories based on conditions you specify for files that match the arguments. Find<\/b> can be used in a variety of conditions like you can find<\/b> files by permissions, users, groups, file type, date, size, and other possible criteria<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Note: (.) is for the current directory<\/h4>\n

      24.) $ find . -name file_name \/ dir._name<\/h4>\n

          Used to find the file\/directory in the current directory<\/h4>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      25.) $ find . -type f\/d -empty<\/h4>\n

          To find the empty dir\/ file     ** f for file & d for directory<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux
      \n\"Linux<\/p>\n

      26) $ find . -mtime  -1<\/h4>\n

         To find the file\/directory which is made within one day<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/h4>\n

      27) $ find . -mtime  +1<\/h4>\n

         To find the file\/dir. which was made 1 day ago<\/h4>\n

      28) $find . -mmin 1<\/h4>\n

         To find the file\/dir. which was made 1 min ago\/  To find the file\/dir which is made within 1 min.<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      29) $ find .\/ type d\/f -name file\/dir<\/h4>\n

         To find the directory \/ file<\/h4>\n

              ** f for file and d for directory<\/h4>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      30) $ find . *.extension<\/h4>\n

         To find the all file which is with the assigned extension.<\/h4>\n

              ** here there is no .jpg file available<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      31) $ find dir.name<\/h4>\n

         To show all the files and directories<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/h4>\n

      32) $ find -iname \u201cchar*\u201d<\/h4>\n

         To find all the files and dir. starting with the f* and -i not including case sensitivity<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/h4>\n

      33) $ find .\/ -type f\/d -iname \u201cf*\u201d<\/h4>\n

         To find file or directory with disable case sensitivity and listing files \/ dir with f*<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      34) $ find . -size +0<\/h4>\n

         This will show the file presented in the current directory which is more than 0 mega byte.<\/h4>\n

               ** G = GB<\/h4>\n

               ** K= KB<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      35) $ du -sh file\/dir<\/h4>\n

          It will give the size of the file or directory in KB<\/h4>\n

      Vi editor<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      After $ vi d1 write the text by pressing (I for Insert )click\u2192 Esc\u2192 shift + :\u2192 wq \u2192 Enter<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux\"Linux<\/p>\n

      GREP – Global Regular Expression Print<\/h1>\n

      “It allow us to search text within files in a system”<\/h2>\n

      36) $ grep [binary digit] file_name<\/h4>\n

         It will search the binary number which are inserted in the square bracket.<\/h4>\n
      <\/div>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      37) $ grep -w \u201cstring\u201d file_name<\/h4>\n

         It will only show the valid text inserted in the inverted commas.<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      38) $ grep -i \u201cstring\u201d file_name<\/h4>\n

         It is non-case sensitive command (  -i )<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      39) $ grep \u201cstring\u201d file_name<\/h4>\n

         Show all the matching text.<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      40) $grep -win \u201cstring\u201d file_name<\/h4>\n

         Show at which line the text resides.<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      41) $ grep -win -B 4 \u201cstring\u201d file_name<\/h4>\n

        Show the 4 line before the inserted text.<\/h4>\n
      \"Linux<\/div>\n
      \n

      Show the 2 lines above and below the text.<\/h4>\n
       \"Linux<\/div>\n

      Show the 2 lines after the text<\/h4>\n

      42) $ grep -win -A2 \u2018String\u201d d1<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      43) $ grep -winr \u201cstring\u201d .\/*<\/h4>\n

         [centos@localhost ~]$ grep -winr “cat” .\/*<\/h4>\n

         It will show all the files and folders with the string.<\/h4>\n

      AWK command (Aho, Weinberger and Kernighan)<\/strong><\/h1>\n

       <\/p>\n

      It is just a scripting language used to it doesn\u2019t require compilation time and it generates reports by processing file. It is beneficial for pattern searching and processing files.<\/h4>\n

      Various programming concepts offered by AWK are:<\/h4>\n

           1) Output formatting<\/h4>\n

           2) Inbuilt variables<\/h4>\n

           3) Pattern matching<\/h4>\n

           4) String operations<\/h4>\n

           5) Arithmetic operations<\/h4>\n

      Basic syntax<\/h4>\n

      # awk options ‘selection _criteria {action }’ input-file > output-file<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Awk assign some variables for each field.<\/h4>\n

      \u2192 $0 denotes the whole file<\/h4>\n

      \u2192 $1 denotes the first field<\/h4>\n

      \u2192 $2 denotes the second field<\/h4>\n

           And $3,$4,$5\u2026..so on for every field.<\/h4>\n

      <\/h4>\n

      Commands related AWK<\/h1>\n

       <\/p>\n

      44) <\/strong># awk \u2018{print $variable}\u2019 file_name<\/strong><\/h4>\n

         This command will print the field according to the variable<\/h4>\n
       \"Linux<\/div>\n

      \"Linux
      \n\"Linux<\/p>\n

      45) # awk –version<\/strong><\/h4>\n

         We can also check the version of the awk.<\/h4>\n

               # awk -F: \u2018{print $variable}\u2019 filename<\/h4>\n

      This will print the file without the separator (i.e. [:])<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      \n
      \"Linux<\/div>\n

      <\/h4>\n

      46) # echo \u201cstring\u201d | awk \u2018{$variable=\u201dstring\u201d; print  $variable}\u2019<\/strong><\/h4>\n

          This will replace the string manish to raghav  and print the whole string.<\/h4>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      47) # cat file_name | awk \u2018{$variable=\u201dstring\u201d; print $variable}\u2019<\/strong><\/h4>\n

         This command  will replace the particular string which is in field 2 and  print the whole file content.<\/h4>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \"Linux<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n

      48) # awk \u2018\/string\/\u2019 file_name <\/strong><\/h4>\n

         This command will show each line that contains the following word i.e.( or )<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      49) # awk ‘$variable==”char” {print $variable}’ file_name<\/strong><\/h4>\n

         T<\/h4>\n

      his will print 5th field if the field 1 value matches the value 300 in the file.<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/h4>\n

      CUT command<\/strong><\/h1>\n

       <\/p>\n

      The cut command basically a Unix command line utility which extracts section from each line.<\/h4>\n

      Basically the cut command slices a line and extracts the text.<\/h4>\n

      50) # cat -b variable file_name<\/strong><\/h4>\n

           This cut command will extract the following byte (-b) from the file.<\/h4>\n
       \"Linux
      \n\"Linux<\/div>\n
      \n

      51) # cut -d \u2018delimiter\u2019 -f field\/ranges\/sequence file_name<\/strong><\/h4>\n

         This command will show the following fields\/ranges from the file<\/h4>\n

         if -d option is not used then it prints whole line:<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      52) # cut -c variable file_name<\/strong><\/h4>\n

         This command will print each character from the file starting from 1st field.<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      53) # cut –complement -d \u201c  \u201c -f variable file_name<\/strong><\/h4>\n

         This command will print each field except the 3rd field<\/h4>\n
      \"Linux<\/div>\n
      \n
      \n

      54) # echo field >> file_name<\/strong><\/h4>\n

         This command will permanently add on the field at last into the file<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      55) # cut -d \u201c \u201c -fvariable file_name<\/strong><\/h4>\n

          This command will show only the 3rd field from the file<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      SED command<\/strong><\/h1>\n

       <\/strong><\/h1>\n
      \n

      It is also called stream editor, it is a powerful linux\/unix utility tool used for text manipulation, finding, deletion, saving permanently, etc.<\/h4>\n

      s: means substitute<\/h4>\n

      g: means globally<\/h4>\n

      56) # sed \u2018s\/string1\/string2\/g\u2019 file_name<\/strong><\/h4>\n

         This command will change the string1 to string2<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      57) # sed \/\\bstring1\\b\/string2\/g\u2019 file_name<\/strong><\/h4>\n

         This will replace the exact matching word list into raghav in the file.<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      58) # sed \u2018s\/^string1\/string2\/g\u2019 file_name<\/strong><\/h4>\n

         This command will change the value which ends with $ sign in the file.<\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n

      \n

      Deletion <\/strong><\/h1>\n

       <\/p>\n

      59) # sed \u2018\/word\/d\u2019 file_name<\/strong><\/h4>\n

        This command will delete the particular line which consists of the particular word.<\/h4>\n

         \u2018d\u2019 denotes the delete.<\/h4>\n
      \"Linux<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n

      Saving permanently to the file<\/strong><\/h1>\n

       <\/p>\n

      60) # sed -i ‘s\/char1\/char2\/g’ file_name<\/strong><\/h4>\n

      \"Linux<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      -i \u2192 use this -i ,if you want to change or modify directly to the file<\/h4>\n

              This -i can be used at the above sed commands this will permanently save every modification in the file.<\/h4>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Conclusion<\/strong>: By following this tutorial you will get the basic understanding of Linux commands<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Have some interest in Linux & Unix? This is the article for you to start with Linux is a clone of the Unix operating system, it is a multi-user operating system, which can be accessed by many users at a time. Linux Server Management Linux server management service is a cost-effective mixture for the application-based…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4639,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[90,59,62,66],"tags":[116,117,118,119,120,121,122,65,123,124,125,126,127,68,128],"class_list":["post-3557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-beginner","category-general","category-how-to","category-technology","tag-awk-command","tag-basic-commands","tag-command-of-linux","tag-commands-of-linux","tag-deletion","tag-find-command","tag-grep-command","tag-linux","tag-linux-basic-commands","tag-linux-basic-commands-for-beginners","tag-linux-commads","tag-linux-server-management","tag-sed-command","tag-server","tag-server-management"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t